The Gray Hawk is one of the rarest of all hawks in North America. It breeds in Arizona, Texas, and probably New Mexico, and withdraws from these areas during the nonbreeding season. It is a subtropical to tropical species and populations within the core of its range are nonmigratory. The plumage, as the name suggests, is primarily gray; the back is solid gray with the breast and stomach whitish gray flecked with darker gray. The tail is black with a broad centrally located white band, and a narrower terminal white band. The hawk has an accipiter flight style with rapid shallow wingbeats followed by a glide. It breeds in riparian areas embedded within an arid landscape. The favored prey item is arboreal lizards, but also includes birds and small mammals.
SIZE
The Gray Hawk is a small buteo with an average length from head to tail of 17 inches (42 centimeters) and a wingspan of 34 inches (87 centimeters). The male wing chord length averages 9.6 inches (24.5 centimeters) and the female is 10.1 inches (25.7 centimeters). Average weight for males is between 0.88 and 0.91 pounds (399 grams) and females 1.4 pounds (635 grams).
MORPHS
There are no reported color morphs for this species.
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION
Adult - Flight
- flight mode of accipiter - a series of flaps followed by a glide
- wing lining and underside of flight feathers whitish to pale gray
- shotish black tail crossed with two white bands
- outer primaries and trailing edge of wing tipped in black
- white crescent-shaped patch on upper tail coverts
Immature - Flight
- similar to adult in flight pattern but much longer tail
- outer primary feathers with bars
- long tail has multiple bands of black and gray which become narrower towards the body
- widest band on tail is near tip
- contrasting and bold face pattern
- white crescent-shape on upper tail coverts
SIMILAR SPECIES
It is similar in overall size and flight style to the Cooper's Hawk. The immature can be confused with the Broad-winged Hawk, but it has stronger barring on the head, a white crescent-shaped rump patch, and barred leg feathers.
OTHER NAMES
The Gray Hawk has also been called the "Mexican goshawk", "Shining Buzzard-Hawk", and "Sonora Gray Hawk."
ETYMOLOGY
The latin for Buteo means "a kind of hawk or falcon" and nitidus means "bright or shining". Hence, bright hawk or shining hawk.